迅速破解托福閱讀EXCEPT題目
來(lái)源：環(huán)球教育整理
小編：環(huán)球教育 806托福閱讀考試中，每篇文章會(huì)有兩個(gè)甚至以上的EXCEPT題目出現(xiàn)，很多地方也叫它選非題或者否定題。顧名思義，就是在四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出一個(gè)不一樣的選項(xiàng)出來(lái)作為答案。什么叫不一樣的選項(xiàng)呢？我們不妨換個(gè)角度來(lái)理解，那剩下的三個(gè)選項(xiàng)都是在原文當(dāng)中有據(jù)可循的細(xì)節(jié)表達(dá)。
簡(jiǎn)言之，EXCEPT題目的破解關(guān)鍵在于選項(xiàng)的一一核對(duì)，把三個(gè)和原文表達(dá)一致的選項(xiàng)排除出去，將剩下的那個(gè)和原文表達(dá)不一致的選項(xiàng)作為答案即可。那么，正確答案大概有幾種模式呢？這是本文著力理清的關(guān)鍵問(wèn)題，我們先就兩種答案模式進(jìn)行講解。
第一種，無(wú)中生有。這是最常見的一種答案模式，也就是說(shuō)這個(gè)選項(xiàng)在原文中根本沒(méi)有任何的呈現(xiàn)，那么當(dāng)之無(wú)愧的，此選項(xiàng)就會(huì)是EXCEPT題目的答案。我們一起看個(gè)例子：
The Ogallala aquifer is a sandstone formation that underlies some 583,000 square kilometers of land extending from northwestern Texas to southern South Dakota. Water from rains and melting snows has been accumulating in the Ogallala for the past 30,000 years. Estimates indicate that the aquifer contains enough water to fill Lake Huron, but unfortunately, under the semiarid climatic conditions that presently exist in the region, rates of addition to the aquifer are minimal, amounting to about half a centimeter a year.
According to paragraph 2, all of the following statements about the Ogallala aquifer are true EXCEPT:
A. The aquifer stretches from South Dakota to Texas.
B. The aquifer’s water comes from underground springs.
C.Water has been gathering in the aquifer for 30,000 years.
D. The aquifer’s water is stored in a layer of sandstone.
這個(gè)題目的正確答案是B選項(xiàng)。首先A選項(xiàng)在原文中有明確的表達(dá)，地下水層是從Texas到South Dakota的，有些同學(xué)會(huì)覺(jué)得很奇怪，為什么A選項(xiàng)把兩者的順序顛倒了不算錯(cuò)誤呢？因?yàn)橐粋€(gè)aquifer的延展是沒(méi)有方向的，前后顛倒并沒(méi)有錯(cuò)誤，就好像說(shuō)京滬鐵路就是從北京到上海的線路，并非是我們坐動(dòng)車從上海去北京這樣有方向指向性的表達(dá)，所以A沒(méi)有任何問(wèn)題。再看C選項(xiàng)，用30000年定位回原文，很明確的表達(dá)會(huì)被我們找到，并且C選項(xiàng)用gather代替了原文的accumulate，進(jìn)行了同義詞替換，所以C選項(xiàng)也可以排除。最后的D選項(xiàng)其實(shí)定位回去是原文中的第一句話，The Ogallala aquifer is a sandstone formation，這就說(shuō)明它是stored in a layer of sandstone?，F(xiàn)在，我們看B選項(xiàng)，原文中說(shuō)Water from rains and melting snows，地下水層的水來(lái)自雨雪水，并不是B選項(xiàng)的spring泉水。泉水根本是無(wú)中生有，原文沒(méi)有提及。故選B。
第二種，錯(cuò)誤改寫。這樣的答案往往是對(duì)原文的信息進(jìn)行了錯(cuò)誤改寫，毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)，這也是對(duì)原文信息的背離。再看一個(gè)例子。
Architecture is the art and science of designing structures that organize and enclose space for practical and symbolic purposes. Because architecture grows out of human needs and aspirations, it clearly communicates cultural values. Of all the visual arts, architecture affects our lives most directly for it determines the character of the human environment in major ways.
According to paragraph 1, all of the following statements about architecture are true EXCEPT:
A. Architecture is visual art.
B. Architecture reflects the cultural values of its creators.
C. Architecture has both artistic and scientific dimensions.
D. Architecture has an indirect effect on life.
這個(gè)題的難度不高，但是非常典型。答案選D。首先看A，原文中說(shuō)，Of all the visual arts,在所有的視覺(jué)藝術(shù)中，建筑是怎樣的藝術(shù)，那毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)，建筑是視覺(jué)藝術(shù)。然后B選項(xiàng)，it clearly communicates cultural values，建筑傳達(dá)了文化價(jià)值，和B選項(xiàng)表達(dá)的建筑表達(dá)了文化價(jià)值一致。比較難的是C選項(xiàng)，dimension這個(gè)單詞是維度的意思，大家可以自動(dòng)腦補(bǔ)3D電影的意思。那么，C說(shuō)建筑有藝術(shù)和科學(xué)兩個(gè)維度，對(duì)應(yīng)原文信息了嗎？
原文第一句Architecture is the art and science of designing structures就是出處。只有D選項(xiàng)是對(duì)原文信息的篡改。Of all the visual arts, architecture affects our lives most directly ，原文說(shuō)建筑最直接影響我們的生活，而D選項(xiàng)直接表述為建筑對(duì)我們的生活影響不直接，肯定是答案了。
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