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來(lái)源:托福君TOEFL
小編:環(huán)球教育整理 711匯題在托福閱讀中很重要,占了25%以上的比例。做對(duì)詞匯題目有一些方法和思路,但是詞匯題是這樣的一種題:你認(rèn)識(shí)這個(gè)單詞就肯定能做對(duì),而且能很快地做對(duì)。你不認(rèn)識(shí)這個(gè)單詞就是經(jīng)過(guò)層層推斷,耗費(fèi)了很多時(shí)間有可能還是會(huì)做錯(cuò),所以說(shuō)解決詞匯題的王道就是認(rèn)識(shí)這個(gè)單詞。那么,在以下內(nèi)容中,托福君就為一些實(shí)例為大家詳細(xì)分析如何去應(yīng)對(duì)詞匯題。
01
詞匯類(lèi)題目的問(wèn)題的提問(wèn)形式
新托福詞匯類(lèi)題目的出題形式通常為:
The word X in the passage is closest in meaning to
用來(lái)考察考生某單詞在文章上下文中意思的問(wèn)題類(lèi)型最為常見(jiàn)。
02
答題步驟
第一步:在文章中定位到陰影標(biāo)識(shí)的單詞或短語(yǔ)。認(rèn)識(shí)單詞直接選。
第二步:如為生詞讀原文,仔細(xì)閱讀該詞或短語(yǔ)所在句子。
第三步:根據(jù)上下文含義推測(cè)含義。
第四步:少量單詞可由詞根驗(yàn)證答案。選擇答案時(shí),不要僅僅因?yàn)槟硞€(gè)選項(xiàng)符合該單詞的某一個(gè)正確意思就將其作為正確選項(xiàng),題目考察的是作者在文章上下文中使用了哪一個(gè)詞義。
03
解題線索
1. 論點(diǎn)對(duì)論據(jù)TS+D
Commensal associations sometimes involve one species' obtaining food that is inadvertently exposed by another. For instance, several kinds of birds feed on insects flushed out of the grass by grazing cattle.
The word inadvertently in the passage is closest in meaning to
A. indefensibly
B. substantially
C. unintentionally
D. partially
拿到這個(gè)題目先看一下這個(gè)單詞是否認(rèn)識(shí),如果認(rèn)識(shí)就直接選出來(lái),如果不認(rèn)識(shí)就回到原文,原文說(shuō)共生協(xié)會(huì)有時(shí)候認(rèn)為一種物種獲得食物的方法是被另一種物種inadvertently暴露的。這時(shí)候后面的句子是對(duì)這個(gè)句子的一個(gè)論據(jù),句子說(shuō),舉個(gè)例子,一些鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)吃的昆蟲(chóng)是放牧的牛群從草當(dāng)中驅(qū)趕出來(lái)的。再觀察四個(gè)選項(xiàng):A. 不能防御地;B. 大幅;C. 無(wú)意中地;D. 部分地。很顯然,這個(gè)原文中與選項(xiàng)中最接近的答案就是無(wú)意中。最好將選好的答案再帶到原文翻譯一下:“一種物種獲得食物的方法是被另一種物種無(wú)意中暴露的。一些鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)吃的昆蟲(chóng)是放牧的牛群從草當(dāng)中驅(qū)趕出來(lái)的。”這類(lèi)題目在做題的過(guò)程中要注意一些標(biāo)志詞:For example, For instance, Take…for example, Evidences come from, Like…, As…
2. 前后搭配
Members of poor peasant families spun or wove cloth and linens at home for scant remuneration, in an attempt to supplement meager family income.
The word meager in the passage is closest in meaning to
A. very necessary
B. very low
C. traditional
D. primary
這道題目如果認(rèn)識(shí)單詞就直接選,如果不認(rèn)識(shí)單詞,就看原文。原文說(shuō)貧困的農(nóng)民家庭的成員在家里織布,后一句說(shuō)是為了支持他們meager的家庭收入,根據(jù)前后搭配,顯然是微薄的家庭收入,所以就選B。
3. 并列信息
…Absenteeism and lateness hurt productivity and since work was specialized, disrupted the regular factory routine. Industrialization not only produced a fundamental change in the way work was organized; it transformed the very nature of work.
The word disrupted in the passage is closest in meaning to
A. prolonged
B. established
C. followed
D. upset
disrupt在文章句子中出現(xiàn)and連接的并列信息hurt, 根據(jù)這一并列信息,我們可以得出disrupt在此句中的意思為與hurt并列的信息,所以此題選D。在這類(lèi)題目中要注意這些連接詞and、or、as well as、not only…but also、some…others…。
4. 因果邏輯
In 1815 he published the first modern geological map “A Map of the Strata of England and Wales with a Part of Scotland”, map so meticulously researched that it can still be used today.
The word meticulously in the passage is closest in meaning to
A. carefully
B. quickly
C. frequently
D. obviously
這道題目中meticulously可能有很多同學(xué)不認(rèn)識(shí),但是根據(jù)因果邏輯,原文說(shuō)這個(gè)地圖是如此怎樣地被研究,以至于直到今天還在使用,選項(xiàng)中最為接近的意思應(yīng)該是仔細(xì)的研究,只有仔細(xì)的研究才導(dǎo)致這個(gè)地圖直到今天仍然被沿用。在做這類(lèi)題目時(shí)要關(guān)注原文中表示邏輯關(guān)系的引導(dǎo)詞,比如Due to / Given by / Since / derive from / stem from Therefore / So / Hence / …follows / Enough…to… / too…to… / So…that…
5. 反向邏輯
The Jovian planets have very thick atmospheres consisting of varying amounts of hydrogen, helium, methane, and ammonia. By comparison, the terrestrial planets have meager atmospheres at best.
The word meager in the passage is closest in meaning to
A. rich
B. thin
C. unique
D. complex
這道題原文說(shuō)類(lèi)木行星有很厚的大氣層,然而類(lèi)地行星有meager的大氣層,根據(jù)反向邏輯,類(lèi)地行星的大氣層肯定是與厚相反的,所以應(yīng)該是很薄的大氣層,所以這道題目選B。在反向邏輯中要注意以下的標(biāo)志詞:
表示讓步:Even / Although / Despite
表示轉(zhuǎn)折:But / Yet / However
表示對(duì)比:Whereas / While / In contrast / On the other hand
6. 詞根詞綴
The undisputed pre-Columbian presence in Oceania of the sweet potato, which is a New World domesticate, has sometimes been used to support Heyerdahl’s “American Indians in the Pacific” theories.
The word undisputed in the passage is closest in meaning to
A. mysterious
B. unexpected
C. acknowledged
D. significant
這個(gè)題目中undisputed, un是一個(gè)表示否定的前綴,dispute大多數(shù)同學(xué)認(rèn)識(shí),這個(gè)單詞是指爭(zhēng)辯,那么根據(jù)前綴un就知道undisputed指不能爭(zhēng)辯,或者無(wú)可爭(zhēng)辯,所以選項(xiàng)里面應(yīng)該選C, 大家都承認(rèn)的,都接受的。