托福聽力技巧：場(chǎng)景描述法
來源：環(huán)球教育整理
小編： 399場(chǎng)景法指的是考生通過對(duì)話揭示的場(chǎng)景關(guān)鍵詞，判斷磁帶上的對(duì)話或演講發(fā)生的實(shí)際生活場(chǎng)景，再根據(jù)這一生活場(chǎng)景答題。場(chǎng)景法可行的原因在于托?？荚嚨哪康?。我們前面已經(jīng)說過，托福測(cè)試的是外國(guó)學(xué)生在美國(guó)學(xué)習(xí)和生活要用到的基本語(yǔ)言能力，所以托福聽力在內(nèi)容上永遠(yuǎn)離不了學(xué)習(xí)和生活這一主題。學(xué)生生活的圈子不大，典型的仍然像中國(guó)的5點(diǎn)式，即宿舍-教室-食堂-圖書館-購(gòu)物。而托福聽力已經(jīng)考了幾十年了，學(xué)校里的幾乎每一個(gè)角落上都被考過了。只要考生能熟悉學(xué)校里的各個(gè)場(chǎng)所經(jīng)常發(fā)生的學(xué)生生活場(chǎng)景，僅憑幾個(gè)詞就可以知道整個(gè)對(duì)話或演講的大體內(nèi)容，從而得出(甚至猜出)正確答案。
在場(chǎng)景法的后面，我們將歸納美國(guó)大學(xué)生活的各個(gè)場(chǎng)合及其典型的對(duì)話內(nèi)容。在這里，我們的先介紹一下如何利用場(chǎng)景法。為什么要用場(chǎng)景法?
很多做過托福聽力題的考生都有這種感受：即有些對(duì)話里的詞全都聽懂而且明白單詞的意思，就是選不出答案。更離譜的是，即使讓你看文字答案答題，你也未必會(huì)有很高的正確率。為什么會(huì)出現(xiàn)這種情況呢?原因在于場(chǎng)景，即英語(yǔ)里常說的situation。我們平時(shí)碰到有人試圖安慰心情不好的自己時(shí)，經(jīng)常會(huì)說“你不是我，你不會(huì)明白的”，就是這個(gè)道理。在托福的聽力中，“清”的肯定不是“旁觀者”，而只有“當(dāng)局者”才會(huì)最清楚對(duì)話到底說的是什么。而要成為“當(dāng)局者”，你必須熟悉托福聽力的大學(xué)生活背景。下面的例子列舉了熟悉場(chǎng)景的重要性：
He got in and pushed the button for the forth floor. Question: What did he do?
(A) He took the elevator. (B) He sewed the buttons on.
(C) He dropped something on the floor. (D) He made him go upstairs.
這個(gè)單句題(現(xiàn)在的聽力部分沒有這種單句題)，如果你不熟悉電梯的話，你會(huì)一頭霧水，根本不知其所云何事。但是，如果你一聽到就想到了電梯的話，那么這根本不是問題。所以，托福的聽力中的有些題目?jī)H憑聽清楚每個(gè)單詞的字面意思是不夠的(很多時(shí)候甚至是不必要的)，你還必須生動(dòng)地想象出對(duì)話所發(fā)生的具體生活場(chǎng)景。
場(chǎng)景法的魅力
例如學(xué)生入學(xué)時(shí)登記注冊(cè)的場(chǎng)景。如果你平時(shí)記住了關(guān)于register的詞匯，如registration，course enrollment form，signed by academic advisor，get the department’s approval，tables set up aIl the way around，stamp your form，approved，pay for tuition，officially enrolled，pick up identification card。
那么，即使你聽力能力較差，對(duì)話的具體細(xì)節(jié)沒能聽懂，你也能答對(duì)題。如果你不相信的話，請(qǐng)?jiān)囍鴥H根據(jù)注冊(cè)這一大學(xué)里發(fā)生的場(chǎng)景，而不根據(jù)對(duì)話的內(nèi)容，做下面兩道題。
1. When would this talk be given?
(A) At the beginning of a semester. (B) During the mid-semester vacation.
(C) At final examination time. (D) Just before a gymnastics event.
2. Where’s are the students going tomorrow?
(A) To registration office. (B) To a class reunion.
(C) To their classes. (D) To a track meet.
第1題：該對(duì)話肯定發(fā)生在學(xué)期初。答案確實(shí)唾手可得。第2題：既然是講注冊(cè)，那肯定是去registration office。此外了解對(duì)話內(nèi)容及相關(guān)詞句和美國(guó)的大學(xué)生活對(duì)聽力考試也有幫助。
以下是我們總結(jié)的針對(duì)對(duì)話內(nèi)容的詞句，記住這些詞句有助于你對(duì)對(duì)話內(nèi)容和場(chǎng)景的判斷，從而正確地答案。即使你沒有完全聽懂對(duì)話，你也可能根據(jù)判斷得出的對(duì)話場(chǎng)景正確地答題。
1.東西丟了：lost the key，can’t found the note
2.剃頭：hardly bald, hairstyle change for not covering the eyes, cut curl hair
3.搭車：pick up the third one at the airline, give me a ride to the office
4.穿衣: a jean and T-shirt for interview is casual, clothes is wet before the concert
5.花需要光: put the flower to the window, the bookcase will prevent the sunlight, need the fresh
6.忘了: slip my mind, forgot to give the note to someone
7.圖書館: spend the whole day in the library, make the photocopy at library, meet at the library, return the books to the library, library is a better place to study
8.室友: looking for a roommate, roommate should apologize, roommate is too noisy,
9.吃的:fish can’t be eat, berry is a bush even for a bird, bread is over toasted, vegetables are over cooked, bread may be in the refrigerator,
10.借東西: lend me calculus book (calculator), borrow the money from check, borrow car for shopping
11.天氣：clean up for picnic, cold enough for skating, snowing too much to fly, so hot that we need an air conditioner,
12.作業(yè)能否完成：wait till the last minute, chemistry test without time for reading, fill out the financial aid form without the priority, paper extended to the next week
13.第三者: have done it for me
14.排隊(duì): magazine to kill the time, read the magazine twice, go early for not queue
15.得病看醫(yī)生: need another doctor, it is open till 10 at the health center, take the pill the doctor assigned,
16.沒空幫忙: can’t give you a ride due to the meeting tomorrow morning,
17.鍛煉減肥: lost weight, two blue clothes but one with the large size
18.電影或音樂會(huì): see the concert twice make sense again, sell ticket to you so that you come with me, lectured by some professor is worth watching,
19.還書: return so as not to pay fine, help me return the books,
20.重新考慮以前的決定: reconsider your decision,
21.轉(zhuǎn)讓: movie ticket
22.加入社團(tuán): garden club, find another committee member to replace,
23.認(rèn)不出來: beard, bother is different,
24.住房: find an apartment under 500 dollars, find a larger apartment, live nearer to the campus
25.放松: join an entertainment club for leisure, spend more time outdoors,
26.約會(huì): (appointment), reschedule one of the appointment
27.關(guān)門了(過期了): museum closed, cafeteria closed,
28.照相: film run out, film not processed, film not good
29.同去: come go with me
30.太吵: too noisy, can’t concentrate
