新概念三冊必備詞匯lesson 3
來源：
小編： 167Lesson 3
archaeologist
n. 考古學(xué)家
記憶點撥
詞根詞綴記憶法
詞根archae-古老，例如archaic adj. very old古老的
詞綴-ology學(xué)科，例如：
biology生物學(xué)
zoology動物學(xué)（zoo動物園）
methodology方法論（method方法）
sociology社會學(xué)（social社會的）
astrology占星術(shù)
meteorology氣象學(xué)（meteor流星）
ecology生態(tài)學(xué)（eco-生態(tài)）
technology技術(shù)（tech-技術(shù)）
geology地質(zhì)學(xué)（geo-地球的）
anthropology人類學(xué)
詞綴-ist表“人”尤指專業(yè)人士，例如：
scientist科學(xué)家
artist藝術(shù)家
pianist鋼琴家
explore
v.考察，勘探，探究
①to travel around an area in order to find out about it考察，勘探
Christopher Columbus discovered America but didn’t explore the new continent.
克里斯多夫.哥倫布發(fā)現(xiàn)了美洲，但他沒有勘測這個新大陸。
②to discuss or think about something carefully
探究
A fear of science was a theme explored by Mary Shelly in her later novels.
瑪麗.雪萊在她后來的書里探究了對科學(xué)恐懼的主題。
Management need to explore ways of improving office security .
管理層需要研究提高辦公室安全。
I’m going to explore the possibility of a part-time job.
我要看看兼職工作的可能性。
相關(guān)表達
exploration n.勘探，考察
The North Sea has been an important center of oil exploratory
北海已成為石油勘探的重要中心。
exploratory adj.探險的
an exploratory expedition up the Amazon ricer沿亞馬孫河逆流而上的探險旅程
詞義辨析
excursion, expedition, voyage, journey, travel, tour, trip
excursion a short journey on holiday觀光，遠足
expedition a long journey to a dangerous or unfamiliar place遠征
voyage long journey by sea or in space航行
journey a long distance, literary a long and often difficult process旅行
travel activity of traveling, to places that are far away, usually for pleasure旅行
tour a journey for pleasure(tourism, tourist), a planned journey made by musicians, a sports team etc. in order to perform or play in several places巡演
trip journey for pleasure or a particular purpose旅游
During our holiday in Venice we went on a few excursions to places near by.
在威尼斯期間，我們?nèi)チ烁浇S多地方。
The Titanic sank on 14 April 1912, after hitting an iceberg on its maiden voyage.
1912年4月14日，泰坦尼克號在它的首航就撞上了一座冰山，沉入海底。
Writing a biography is an absorbing voyage of discovery.
寫自傳是一個有趣的發(fā)現(xiàn)旅程。
The novel is an account of Beethoven’s spiritual journey.
小說講的是貝多芬的精神旅程。
The new job involves a fair amount of travel.
新工作涉及一定量的出差。
We met some very interesting people on our travels in Thailand .
我們在去泰國的旅途中遇到了一些非常有趣的人。
David Beckham worked as a tour guide in Cambridge last summer.
大衛(wèi).貝克漢姆去年暑假在劍橋做導(dǎo)游。
Magician David Copperfield is in Beijing on tour.
魔術(shù)師大衛(wèi).科波菲爾正在北京巡演。
Two lucky employees won a round-the-world trip.
兩名幸運的雇員贏得了環(huán)球旅行的大獎。
I’m afraid you’ve had a wasted trip. Mr. Canners has already left.
我想你是白跑一趟，肯尼斯先生已經(jīng)走了。
prosperous
adj. rich and successful(經(jīng)紀上)繁榮的，昌盛的
Gambling is becoming a prosperous industry in Macao.
博彩業(yè)已成為澳門的一個繁榮產(chǎn)業(yè)。
Training, especially English training, has been a prosperous industry in most big cities in China.
培訓(xùn)尤其是英語培訓(xùn)已成為中國許多大城市的一個繁榮產(chǎn)業(yè)。
相關(guān)表達
prosper
v.成功，興旺
My father’s business used to prosper before the war.
戰(zhàn)前，我父親的生意很興旺。
India’s software companies have prospered by keeping costs to a bare minimum.
印度的軟件公司通過吧成本降到最低而獲得了成功。
prosperity n. when people have money and everything that is needed for a good life繁榮
He wished the young couple a life of happiness and prosperity.
他祝福年輕夫婦生活幸福、萬事如意。
As prosperity spreads, more and more Chinese people are able to afford life’s little luxuries.
隨著繁榮的增長，越來越多的中國人能夠購買生活奢侈品。
civilization
n.文明
①a society that is well organized and developed 開化，教化
Civilization as we know it today has developed over thousands of years.
就像我們所知道的一樣，今天的文明發(fā)展了數(shù)千年。
②all the societies in the world considered as a whole文明
The civilizations of ancient Egypt and Babylon
古埃及和巴比倫的文明
③a place where you feel comfortable, especially because it is modern文明社會，文明的環(huán)境
It’s good to get back to civilization after living in a tent for two weeks.
住在帳篷里兩周后，回到文明社會真好。
相關(guān)表達
civil adj.國內(nèi)的，民事的
civil war 內(nèi)戰(zhàn)
civil servant 公務(wù)員
civil case 民事案
criminal case刑事案
civil disobedience非暴力反抗
keep a civil tongue in your head!說話要文明有禮！
civilize v. to influence someone’s behaviour, making or teaching them to act in a more sensible or gentle way教化
Men should be more domesticated and civilized.
人類應(yīng)該更居家更開化。
civilized adj. antonym uncivilized
① well organized and developed, and has fair laws and customs文明的
Such things should not be allowed to happen in a civilized society.
這種事情不應(yīng)該發(fā)生在文明社會。
② pleasant and comfortable愜意，舒適的
Lying back in the sun with a gin and tonic is very civilized.
躺在陽光下喝著杜松子酒加奎寧水非常得愜意。
Can’t we have the meeting at a more civilized hour?
難道我們不能有一個更合適的時間開會？
worship
n. activity of praying or singing in a religious building in order to show respect and love for a god崇拜
They bowed their heads in worship.
我們崇敬的鞠躬。
詞組拓展
hero worship great admiration for someone who is though to be very brave, good, skilful etc-often used to show disapproval英雄崇拜
worship the ground somebody walks on to admire and love someone very much崇拜，崇敬某人
其他詞性
v. to show respect and love for a god, especially by praying in a religious building崇拜
She absolutely worships Elvis Presley.
她及其崇拜貓王。
sacred
adj. 宗教的，神圣的
① relating to a god or religion神圣的，宗教的
sacred image圣像
sacred music圣音
sacred writings(the Koran, the Bible)圣籍（《古蘭經(jīng)》，《圣經(jīng)》）
In India the cow is a sacred animal.
在印度，牛是神圣的動物。
② very important or greatly respected神圣的
Human life is sacred.
人的生命是神圣的。
詞義辨析
holy adj. connected with God and religion
Jerusalem is a boy city for Jews, Christians, and Muslims.
耶路撒冷是猶太人、基督徒和穆斯林的圣城。
實際應(yīng)用
Holy Grail圣杯，圣盤
① in medieval literature, the sacred cup used by Jesus Christ at the Last Supper圣杯，圣盤
② something that people want very much, but which is very difficult or impossible to achieve最渴望之物，最高境界
③ Nuclear fusion is the Holy Grail of energy production
核溶解是能源產(chǎn)品的最高領(lǐng)域。
Holy Spirit God in the form of a spirit according to the Christian religion圣靈
holy water water that has been blessed by a priest圣水
holy war a war that is fought to defend the beliefs of a religion圣戰(zhàn)
fragment
n. a small piece of something that has broken off or that comes from something larger碎片
He was piecing together torn fragments of a letter.
他正在拼撕碎的信
Some glass fragments hit me when the window was smashed.
窗戶玻璃碎了，我被碎片扎傷了。
I only beard a fragment of their conversation.
我只聽到他們談話的只言片語。
其他詞性
v. to break something, or be broken into a lot of small separate parts-show disapproval分裂，分離
His day was fragmented by interruptions and phone calls.
他的一天被打擾和電話搞的支離破碎。
Ownership of the large estates is increasingly fragmentld.
大型不動產(chǎn)的擁有權(quán)在不斷被分割。
相關(guān)表達
fragmentary adj. consisting of many different small parts支離破碎的
We have received only fragmentary evidence of the incident
我們只接到事件支離破碎的證據(jù)。
remains
n. 遺物；遺跡；廢墟；尸體
①the parts of something that are left after the rest has been destroyed or has disappeared
遺跡
A special chapel was built to house Spencer’s remains.
一個特殊的小教堂建在斯賓塞的遺址之上。
③ the body of someone who has died尸體
The owner was puzzled why her dog wouldn’t stop digging until she saw it had discovered some human remains.
狗的主人感到困惑為何狗一直在那挖，后來她看到了人的尸體。
People consider having their remains buried in Westminster a special honor .
人們認為遺體埋在威斯敏斯特是一種特殊榮譽。
詞義辨析
leftover, the rest, the remainder
leftover remaining after all the rest has been used, taken, or eaten剩余物，剩飯
You can use leftover turkey in casseroles and sandwiches.
你可以用剩下的火雞肉做砂鍋菜和三明治。
the rest what is left after everything or everyone else has gone, been used, dealt with, or mentioned剩余的
Franklin D. Roosevelt was in a wheelchair for the rest of his life after contracting poliomyelitis.
由于脊髓灰質(zhì)炎，弗蘭克林。羅斯福在輪椅上度過了余生
the remainder the part of something that is left after everything else has gone or been dealt with剩余的
After being badly injured, he spent the remainder of his police career behind a desk.
嚴重受傷后，他在辦公桌后度過警察的余生。
其他詞性
v. 保持
①to continue o be in the same state or condition保持
Please remain seated until all the lights are on.
請在燈亮前保持就座。
Many scientists remain unconvinced by the current evidence.
許多科學(xué)家對現(xiàn)有證據(jù)保持質(zhì)疑。
②to continue to exist or be left after others have gone, been used, or been destroyed繼續(xù)
It remains to be seen whether the operation was successful.
手術(shù)是否成功有待觀察。
reconstruct
v. 修復(fù)；重建；重現(xiàn)；推想
①to build something again after it has been destroyed or damaged
One of the Iraqi government’s main tasks is to reconstruct the economy.
伊拉克政府的主要任務(wù)之一是重建其經(jīng)濟。
③ to produce a complete description or copy of an event by collecting together pieces of information重現(xiàn)
Police were reconstructing the movements of the murdered couple.
警察正在重現(xiàn)被害夫婦當時的情況。
詞義辨析
rebuild, restore
rebuild
① to build something again, after it has been damaged or destroyed重建
② to make something strong and successful again復(fù)原
The first priority is to rebuild the area’s manufacturing industry.
首要的是重建這一地區(qū)的制造行業(yè)。
restore
① to make something return to its former state or condition恢復(fù)
The government promises to restore the economy to full strength
政府許諾要全速恢復(fù)經(jīng)濟。
② to bring back a positive feeling that a person or a group of people felt before恢復(fù)
Governments took measures aimed at restoring public confidence in the education system..
政府采取措施目的是恢復(fù)公眾對教育系統(tǒng)的新人。
③ to repair an old building, piece of furniture, or painting etc. so that it is in its original condition重建
The church was carefully restored after the war.
戰(zhàn)后教堂被仔細重建。
相關(guān)表達
construct v. to build something such as a house, bridge, road etc.建設(shè)
Many huge skyscrapers have been constructed in the city over the past decade.
在過去的10年里，城市里建起許多摩天大廈。
construction n.建設(shè)；建筑
① the process of building thing such as houses, bridges, roads etc建設(shè)
The new railway is still under construction.
新的鐵路還在建設(shè)中。
② the process of making something using many parts建設(shè)
Work out the exact design before you start construction.
開工前想好具體設(shè)計。
③ the materials used to build or make something, or its design and structure建成
The houses were partly timber in construction
房子部分用木料建成。
④ the way in which words are put together in a sentence, phrase etc.造句法
This dictionary gives the meanings of words and also illustrates the constructions they can be used in.
該字典給詞作了解釋并闡明它們能使用的語法結(jié)構(gòu)。
constructive adj. useful and helpful, or likely to produce good results建設(shè)性的
I don’t mind constructive criticism but if you’re just going to insult me I’m not staying.
我不介意建設(shè)性的批評，可如果你想侮辱我，我可不呆在這兒。
identity
n. someone’s identity is their name or who they are身份
There is no clue as to the identity of the thief.
小偷的身份毫無線索
Police are trying to discover the identity of a baby found by the side of a road.
警察正在試圖找到在路邊發(fā)現(xiàn)的小孩的身份。
The cheque will be cashed on proof of identity.
支票只有在出示身份證后才能兌換成現(xiàn)金。
實際應(yīng)用
身份證ID card(identity card)a card with your name, date of birth, and photograph on it, that proves who you are
相關(guān)表達
identify v. 鑒定，識別；暴露
① to recognize and correctly name someone or something鑒定，認出
The police took fingerprints and identified the body.
警察取樣指紋，鑒定尸體。
Eye witnesses identified the gunman as an army sergeant.
目擊者認出持槍者是一個軍隊中士。
Scientists have identified the gene that causes abnormal growth.
科學(xué)家已找出引起變態(tài)生長的基礎(chǔ)。
② if a particular thing identifies someone or something, it makes them easy to recognize暴露
His accent identified him as a Frenchman.
他的口音暴露他是法國人。
identification n . ID official papers or cards, such as your passport, that prove who you are身份；識別
Bring some form of identification, preferably a passport.
帶來證件，最好是護照。
The bodies were brought to the hospital for identification
尸體被送往醫(yī)院去識別。
identified adj. 不明的
實際應(yīng)用
不明飛行物UFO unidentified flying object
首席執(zhí)行官CEO chief executive officer
首席財政官CFO chief financial officer
詞組拓展
identify with 視……為一體；認同
① to feel sympathy with someone or be able to share their feelings視……為一體，認同
Humans can easily identify with the emotional expressions of chimpanzees.
人類很容易和大猩猩的感情表達產(chǎn)生共鳴。
He identified with our distress and despair
他同情我們的失望和沮喪。
② to think that someone is very closely related to or involved with something such as a political group認為
She has always been identified with the radical left.
她被看作是激進的左派。
identification parade a process in which someone who has seen a crime take place looks at a group of people to see if they can recognize the criminal
供辨認嫌疑犯的一排人
