托福獨立寫作 | 教育類話題詳解
來源：托福君TOEFL
小編：環(huán)球教育整理 984育類話題是托福獨立寫作考試中出現(xiàn)頻次最高的一個話題。為了更好地為各位小主服務，托福君今天要借助一道已考真題來談談教育類話題的一般解題思路。
先上題：
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: All university students should be required to take basic science courses even if it is not the field of their study.
不知大家有沒有注意到，這道題中含有一個絕對詞all。咱們作為接受過辯證唯物主義理論教育的大好青年，需知任何事物都不是絕對的。所以，遇到含有all的題目，是不是更容易展開反駁呢?
再者，我們要仔細分析題目，抓取關(guān)鍵詞，找準切入點。這道題中，關(guān)鍵詞應該是① university students，即學生是專指大學生，而非中學生、小學生或幼兒園小朋友等。要知道，每個學生階段都具有不同的特征，大學生作為高等教育階段，和其他學生的特征差別還是很大的。
第二個關(guān)鍵詞則是② basic science courses，即基礎(chǔ)科學課程?；A(chǔ)科學明顯是理科生必須上的一門基礎(chǔ)課，但文科生該不該上呢?咱們是不是可以以此為切入點展開論證呢?
教育類話題有兩個論證的大方向，即：“學生”和“學?！?。除了考慮是不是所有大學生不分專業(yè)都該上基礎(chǔ)科學外，還可以考慮給所有學生安排基礎(chǔ)科學課對學校帶來的影響，試想，大學得花多少錢、請多少講師或教授來給所有學生普及基礎(chǔ)科學呢?這一點是不是可以作為另一個切入點呢?
好了，題目分析完了，咱們來寫開頭段：
University education has long been taken as elite education where students can spend four years or more to delve into their majors and become experts after graduation in respective fields. However, it has a tendency to develop into a kind of mass education, considering the threshold across universities have been lowering and more and more students are getting enrolled into the universities. Hence, when it comes to whether all university students should be required to take basic science courses, people may take different standpoints. I myself prefer the idea that taking basic science courses should not be a requirement for all.
首先，我們要引出一個背景句，而不是上來就干巴巴地表明自己所持的立場。因此，第一句我們可以以“大學教育的作用”來開頭，然后用轉(zhuǎn)折道出“大學教育似乎開始往大眾教育方向發(fā)展”這一現(xiàn)象，再然后就可以自然地引出本文話題，最后一句，表明自己的觀點——不贊同。
接下來開始分三段進行主體論證：
從學生角度來說，并非所有學生都需要上這門課，一來對于文科生而言，他們很可能并沒有興趣上理科課程，并且也很有可能學不好，那么也不會有學下去的動力;
For a start, students with no interest in science would lack the proper motivation to learn it well. University is a place where students get to pursue their own interests.For those who major in science and are scientifically- minded, it would be a breeze to take science classes. But for the rest, this mandatory policy simply means poor attendance and high failures rates. People always say interest is the best teacher. So students who are bored with science wouldn’t appreciate the good intentions of college authorities. For them, it’s high school all over again. Most high school graduates are already tired of trying to be versatile learners, so when they go to college and choose a major, they expect to devote all their time and energy to what really appeals to them. Instead, they end up learning something they are not passionate about and complaining about how hard it is to keep up. The learning process should be enjoyable, not the other way around.
二來學習理科課程對于他們未來的就業(yè)并不會帶來直接的好處，而找個好工作卻是很多人上大學的最終目標。
Besides, making basic science mandatory does not cater to post-university goals. The common expectation of people who go to universities is to gain a competitive edge in job hunting. They spend four years studying not just to get a diploma, but to acquire skills and expertise they can put into use in their future careers. Take English major students for instance. Most of them will be applying for positions like teachers, translators or editors, so what are the benefits if they spend a lot of time on memorizing chemical formulas or draw distinctions between invertebrates and amphibians? Sure, no one can deny subjects like physics and biology could give students an overall awareness of how the world works. But the fact is without such, people can still manage fine in their daily work. So this policy falls short of practical use.
從學校角度來說，給所有學生提供基礎(chǔ)科學課程對學校的人力和財力都是一大筆消耗。
Finally, offering basic science to all the students would be a huge drain on school’s human and financial resources. Just imagine how many more science teachers would be need to instruct such a sheer number of students. The university would have to hire more professors and teaching assistants, which means a rise in school expenditure. Given that universities are all now trying to cut back on expenses, this policy would be the last thing schools want to see.
最后，簡單結(jié)尾，注意同義替換就好。
To sum up, it is not recommendable for universities to require all the students to take science classes for the absence of personal interest, practical use, and economic benefits.
總結(jié)一下：
?、賹懽鞑灰獑渭?nèi)テ醋謹?shù)。
字數(shù)達到基本要求后，最重要的考量標準在于語言表達和邏輯論證。
所以，同學們不應把重心放在怎樣把句子寫復雜，把段落拉長，而是要學習如何做到“有理有據(jù)”和“言之有物”。
?、趯懽饕仓v究方法技巧。
考場上寫作時間只有短短30分鐘，因此功夫都應該用在平日里。大到全文的邏輯，小到詞句的運用都是經(jīng)過刻意練習后習得的。這一點可以在老師的幫助下高效完成。
